Theophylline Anhydrous, ≥99%, Powder

Synonyms:
1,3-Dimethylxanthine,
3,7-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-
2,6-dione, 2,6-Dihydroxy-1,3-dimethylpurine
Chemical Formula: C₇H₈N₄O₂
CAS Number: 58-55-9
Molecular Weight: 180.16
Form: Powder
Purity: ≥99%

Overview: Theophylline anhydrous is a highly purified xanthine derivative used primarily in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is known for its bronchodilatory effects, helping to relax airway muscles and improve airflow to the lungs.

Although its use has declined in many industrialized countries due to the introduction of more targeted medications (such as inhaled β₂-agonists and corticosteroids), theophylline remains widely prescribed in various parts of the world due to its affordability, availability, and dual mechanism of action—providing both bronchodilation and mild anti-inflammatory effects.

Despite being in clinical use for over 70 years, research is ongoing to fully understand its molecular mechanisms and optimize its use in combination therapies.

Mechanism of Action Theophylline works by:

Relaxing bronchial smooth muscles, making it easier to breathe.
Suppressing airway responsiveness to allergens and other triggers.
Inhibiting phosphodiesterase enzymes, leading to increased levels of cAMP, which contributes to bronchodilation.
Exhibiting mild anti-inflammatory properties.
It belongs to the xanthine class of compounds and can be used as a maintenance therapy to prevent wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.

Medical Applications

Asthma (maintenance therapy)
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
COPD
Other obstructive airway diseases
It must be taken regularly to maintain therapeutic levels and prevent symptoms. It is not intended for acute symptom relief.

Possible Side Effects Common:

Nausea, vomiting, stomach discomfort
Headache, restlessness, irritability
Insomnia, increased urination
Mild tremors or shakines

Serious (seek immediate medical attention):

Persistent vomiting
Irregular, rapid, or slow heartbeat
Severe dizziness or fainting
Confusion or muscle cramps
Seizures (rare but serious)

Allergic Reactions (Rare):

Rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face, tongue, or throat)
Severe dizziness
Difficulty breathing

If any of these effects occur, it is advised to discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider immediately.

Storage & Handling

Storage Conditions: Store at 2–8°C (Refrigerated)
Shipping Conditions: Ambient
Form: Fine powder, anhydrous
Category: Pharmaceutical Standards, Fine Chemicals, Intermediates, Xanthines

Theophylline Anhydrous, ≥99%, Powder